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Evacuation

Robots start at the centre of a disk (or a polygon) and must all leave through an exit at an unknown point of the boundary, as fast as possible.

Problem statement and measuresexpand

\(k\) unit-speed robots start together at the centre of a unit disk (or the centroid of a unit equilateral triangle or square). An exit lies at an unknown point of the boundary; a robot recognises it only on reaching it. Time is the worst case, over exit positions, of the time until the last robot reaches the exit (in priority evacuation, where one robot is the queen: until the queen does).

Measures: Evacuation time, worst-case time until the last robot (or the queen) reaches the exit; unit disk, unit speed.

Two face-to-face robots, square

verified
Evacuation time: polynomial gap

From the centroid of a unit square: between \(3.118\) and \(3.4645\).

Assumed (added on the last edge are outlined)

+Domainunit square, start at the centroid+Number of robotstwo robots+Faultsno faults+Speedsall robots have the same unit speed

Not assumed

Goalevery robot must reach the exitExitsone exitCommunicationface-to-face: robots exchange information only when they meetRandomnessdeterministic
Formal definitions of this setting
Domain: square
The unit square; robots start at its centroid; the exit is a point of the boundary.
Number of robots: two robots
Two robots.
Goal: all robots
The task ends when the last robot reaches the exit.
Exits: one exit
One exit, at an unknown point of the boundary.
Communication: face-to-face
Face-to-face: two robots exchange information only when they are at the same point at the same time.
Faults: no faults
Every robot detects and reports the target.
Speeds: equal speeds
All robots move at most at unit speed.
Randomness: deterministic
Trajectories are fixed functions of the information received.

What is known

Evacuation time · worst-case time until the last robot (or the queen) reaches the exit; unit disk, unit speed
polynomial gap
Constant gap.
lower bound
bottleneckunknown exit
holds when
  • two robots, face-to-face
introductory—
current best
\(3.4645\)

Results, in order of publication

Evacuation time \(3.4645\)

Open questions

None recorded for this variant.

Notes

The lower bound is \(1+3\sqrt2/2 \approx 3.121\) in Theorem 4.1 (the abstract states 3.118). Three and four robots evacuate in about \(3.178\) and \(2.664\) Chuangpishit et al. 2020.

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